Acute viral infection results in a PD-1-dependent loss of anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses: implications for tumor immunotherapy

Methods To test this hypothesis, we used the A/H1N1/PR8 mouse model of influenza infection (10,000 pfu, via intranasal administration) prior to or after challenge with B16 melanoma (12,000 120,000 cells via intradermal injection in the right flank). Kaplan-Meier curves were used to present animal survival and tumor incidence data and log rank test was used to compare such curves. All statistical analyses were performed using Prism software (v4.0, GraphPad software), and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered to denote statistically significant differences among compared variables.